What is HbA1c

HbA1c is a blood test that is used to help diagnose and monitor people with diabetes. It is also sometimes called a haemoglobin A1c, glycated haemoglobin or glycosylated haemoglobin.

HbA1c refers to glucose and haemoglobin joined together (the haemoglobin is ’glycated’). Haemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. The amount of HbA1c formed is directly related to the amount of glucose in the blood.

Red blood cells live for up to 4 months, so HbA1c gives an indication of how much sugar there has been in the blood over the past few months. It’s different to the blood glucose test, which measures how much sugar is in the blood at that moment.

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Why the test is needed

The test for HbA1c is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.

For people who have diabetes, the test is used to indicate how well diabetes has been controlled over the last few months. People with diabetes are advised to have this test every 3 to 6 months, or more frequently if it is not under control.

This is important. The higher the HbA1c, the greater the risk of developing complications such as problems with your eyes and kidneys.

Understanding the Results

If you have not previously been diagnosed as having diabetes, an HbA1c of 6.5% or more can indicate that you do have diabetes. If your level is lower than this, you might need other tests to check whether you have diabetes or not.

If you do have diabetes, your doctor will usually aim for an HbA1c of 6.5-7%. If the HbA1c is higher than the target range, your doctor may consider changing your treatment or closer monitoring.

There are some medical conditions, such as anemia, that change red blood cells and affect your HbA1c result.

You should discuss the result with your doctor to see what they mean in your particular situation.

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